A few more developed vertebrates, including the alligator, lack pineal glands because they have been lost over the course of evolution. The lancelet Branchiostoma lanceolatum, the nearest existing relative to vertebrates, also lacks a recognizable pineal gland. Even in the hagfish, however, there may be a "pineal equivalent" structure in the dorsal diencephalon. The most important exception is the hagfish, which is often thought of as the most primitive type of vertebrate. Nearly all vertebrate species possess a pineal gland. Its shape resembles a tiny pine cone, and it is located in the epithalamus, near the centre of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two halves of the thalamus join. It produces the serotonin derivative melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of sleep patterns in the circadian rhythms and seasonal functions. It is an endocrine gland that is present in the brain. The pineal gland, also known as the pineal body, conarium or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. The pineal gland is also known as the epiphysis cerebri or conarium. Câteva vertebrate mai dezvoltate, inclusiv aligatorul, nu au glande pineale, deoarece au fost pierdute pe parcursul evoluției. Lanceletul Branchiostoma lanceolatum, cel mai apropiat existent față de vertebrate, nu are, de asemenea, o glandă pineală recunoscută. The pineal gland, glandula pinealis, corpus pineale, epiphysis cerebri or conarium is an organ, the function of which has remained unknown up to. Chiar și în hagfish, totuși, poate exista o structură "echivalentă pineală" în diencefalonul dorsal. Cea mai importantă excepție este hagfishul, care este adesea considerat cel mai primitiv tip de vertebrate. Aproape toate speciile de vertebrate posedă o glandă pineală. Forma lui se aseamănă cu un mic con de pin și se află în epitalam, aproape de centrul creierului, între cele două emisfere, ascunse într-o canelură în care se alătură cele două jumătăți ale talamusului. Produce derivatul de serotonină melatonină, un hormon care afectează modularea modelelor de somn în ritmurile circadiene și funcțiile sezoniere. The arterial supply obtained through several groups of pineal arteries stemming mainly from the posteromedial choroidal artery 3).Pineal gland Glanda pineală, cunoscută și sub denumirea de corp pineal, conuriu sau cerebral epifiză, este o mică glandă endocrină în creierul vertebratelor.
The other arteries included the medial pineal artery from the posterior circulation and the rostral pineal artery mainly from the anterior circulation. The main artery of the PG was the lateral pineal artery, and it originated from the posterior circulation. Studies regarding the arterial vascularization of the PG have been carried out on humans by Duvernoy The pineal gland (PG) is arterialized by branches deriving from the anterior cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. This emphasizes the necessity of showing these feeding arteries and the relationship between them in this clinically and surgically important area The lack of knowledge in this field contributes to the likelihood of complications occurring during surgery in this area. Telomeres, regions of repeating DNA sequences made up of our nucleic acid bases and found at the ends of chromatids, have been proven to be related to this peptide at the cellular level. The arterial vascularization of the pineal gland (PG) remains a debatable subject. Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature: 1. The pineal body, conarium, epiphysis cerebri, and other names for this endocrine gland are often linked to the regulation of many growth and development processes.
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